graduated with honors in 1935As an eleven year old he entered The Boston Latin School andgraduated with honors in 1935. He was an outstanding student- in the top tenpercent of his categorise but didn"t seem to exist without music. It was by now apart of him. Soon after he turned thirteen he and his dad went on a cruisethrough the Panama furnish. He entertained everyone on the journey with his pianoplaying. Everyone loved him so much that the ship"s director offered him apermanent job with the ships staff. Music really changed Leonard"s shy personality for the exceed,along with his poor health. From Boston Latin School Bernstein went on to Harvard College. He wrote for and performed in college productions played the piano for the gleeclub and provided the background music for silent motion pictures. In 1939 Bernstein graduated from Harvard with the degree ofBachelor of Arts and a cum laude in music. By this time Dimitri Mitropoulos,the director had change state interested in him. He encouraged Bernstein to connect himat the Boston Symphony"s rehearsals. He also encouraged him to considerbecoming a conductor. Bernstein felt he must get away from his fatherspersistent nagging to connect his business so he left home and found a place forhimself in music in New York City. Bernstein attended the Curtis Institute for two years where hismain interest was in conducting. For the summers of 1940 and 1941 he studied atTanglewood with Koussevitzky. It only took those two summers for Koussevitzkyto become impressed enough to be to undergo Bernstein as his assistant. In 1942he was invited by Rodzinski to act as assistant conductor of the New York PO. November 13. 1944 was the day that Bernsteins go skyrocketed. The Sundayafternoon concert of the New York Philharmonic which was broadcast on anational hookup of the Columbia Broadcasting System was to be conducted byBruno Walter guest conductor. The evening before that contrive Walter becametoo ill to perform and Bernstein was chosen for a last minute alter. Hehad no opportunity to rehearse the orchestra and only a few hours to preparehimself for a long and complicated program that included the world do ofMiklo`s Ro`zsa"s Variations on a Hungarian Peasant Song. Bernstein appearedwearing a color business conform to which was the first time a conductor had worneveryday clothes at a Philharmonic contrive. Soon after he appeared with the Pittsburg and Boston orchestrasand became conductor of the New York City Orchestra (1945-1948). The firstconcert he conducted with his new orchestra was the Israel PO in 1947. Heserved as its music advisor in 1948-1949 and was co-conductor with Koussevitzkyfor the orchestra"s American journey in 1951 (Grove p. 631). On September 9. 1951 he married Felicia Montealegre in Boston. She was a young actress born in Costa Rica who had go to the United Statestrying to make appearances on the stage and on Television. They lived in a nineroom duplex on Fifty-seventh Street diagonally across to Carnegie Hall. Therethey raised their first two children. Their household included Helen Coates,who had been Bernstein"s piano teacher from long ago. In 1957 Dimitri Mitropoulos music director of the New YorkPhilharmonic appointed Bernstein co-director for the 1957-1958 season. Whenthat season ended. Mitropoulos withdrew to leave Bernstein as full musicdirector. He was both the youngest man and the only American-born musician tobe in that position. He held it for eleven years longer than any director inthe history of the organization. Leonard Bernstein became a teacher and a commentator on musicwith classes at the Berkshire Music Center. Brandeis University. HarvardUniversity and Massachusetts initiate of Technology. In October 1976 the Bernsteins announced that they haddecided upon a legal separation. Although their marriage lasted twenty-fiveyears. Bernstein said that his marriage was holding him back from being the bestartist he could be. When Mrs. Bernstein became seriously ill though theywere reconciled. Bernstein has received such awards as the Albert EinsteinCommemorative Award in the Arts from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine;the John H. Finley Medal for service to New York City; the Golden Europeantrophy an annual award given to an outstanding figure in popular music; theDatsun Award for outstanding service to American music; the Institute ofInternational Education allocate presented by President Nixon; and the GeorgeFoster Peabody Awards for his television programs. Bernstein provided the music for four famous Broadway musicalswith a superior amount of sophistication and technique. Often times he wouldproduce music with great humour and sentiment. Bernstein"s great talents ledhim to compose a few books in the 1960"s. One of his most recent famouscollections of his music is used in the ever popular enter West Side Story. Leonard Bernstein was the Renaissance man of twentieth centurymusic. Over the decades. Bernstein has been called one of the most charismaticand gifted personalities in the music of our times.********************************************************************************March 27 — Congress authorizes construction of six frigates to back up protect American merchant fleets from attacks by the Algerian pirates and harassment by British and French forces. They are to be designed by Joshua Humphreys and Josiah Fox and built at six different sites. The contract for one of those ships to be named CONSTITUTION is given to Edmond Hartt"s Shipyard in Boston. Back to Historical Events List1794-1797: CONSTITUTION is under construction. Built in Boston to argue the young American nation currently CONSTITUTION is nearly as old as the enter for which George Washington named her. Both the document and the ship undergo proven to be resilient symbols of America"s strength courage and liberty. CONSTITUTION was designed to be powerful enough to blackball any enemy about the same size and fast enough to out sail a stronger opponent. CONSTITUTION was built by Colonel George Claghorn at Edmond Hartt"s shipyard in Boston. Made from more than 1,500 trees with timbers felled from Maine to Georgia and armed with cannons cast in Rhode Island and coat fastenings provided by Paul Revere the vessel is truly a national ship. Launched in Boston on October 21. 1797 she first put to sea in 1798. Having remained a move of the U. S. Navy since that day. CONSTITUTION is the oldest commissioned warship afloat in the world. Back to Historical Events List1797: Oct. 21 — CONSTITUTION is launched and christened by Capt. James Sever. It was the third attempt to launch her. The first a month earlier failed when the ship moved only 25 feet drink the displace ways. Two days later she was moved an additional 30 feet. Workers had to make the ways steeper before the open could be completed. The public was warned beforehand that the open might create a dangerously large wave but none materialized.1798: March 27 — Congress votes to fit her out for sea.1798: July 22 — First put to sea and commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson.1798-1801: Cruising in West Indies protecting U. S shipping from French privateers. CONSTITUTION is not engaged in any battles.1802-1803: Laid up in Boston. MA.1803-1806: President Thomas Jefferson sent her to the Mediterranean as part of the second Mediterranean Squadron to protect American ships and seamen from attack by the Barbary pirates. With Captain Edward Preble in command. CONSTITUTION and other ships of the squadron bombarded Tripoli. approve to Historical Events List1805: June — Peace treaty between the U. S and Tripoli signed aboard CONSTITUTION in the Captain"s Cabin.1812: Overhauled at Washington Navy Yard.1812-1815: War with Great Britain.1812: July 16 - 18 — The war was hardly a month old when CONSTITUTION on the way from Chesapeake Bay to New York met up with a squadron of five British ships. Immediately after recognizing she was surrounded by the enemy the wind died. Her escape is now legendary. With both sides becalmed and just out of gunnery be there ensued what amounted to a 36 hour slow-speed chase. CONSTITUTION"s crew kept her ahead of the English by rowing (known to Sailors as the 'white ash breeze') by attempting to tow her with the ship"s boats. Then her First Lieutenant (XO). Lt. Charles Morris suggested a procedure known as 'kedging,' in which an anchor is carried out ahead of the displace dropped and the ship drawn up to it. This back-breaking task was carried out and when a breeze sprang up at dawn on July 18. CONSTITUTION was far enough ahead of her pursuers to escape by sail. Back to Historical Events List1812: Aug. 19 — The fight with HMS GUERRIERE took displace some 600 miles east of Boston on the afternoon of 19 August 1812. After an hour of inconclusive maneuvering and shooting the two settled down to a short-range slugfest. After 20 minutes the Briton"s mizzenmast cut. A while later both her remaining masts went overboard. At some point in the battle someone is said to undergo seen British shot bouncing off CONSTITUTION"s side and shouted. 'Huzzah! Her sides are made of iron,' and so was born the nickname 'Old Ironsides.' The Americans had 14 casualties; the British. 79. GUERRIERE was so badly damaged she had to be sunk. Congress awarded Captain Isaac Hull a gold medal. approve to Historical Events List1812: Dec. 29 — CONSTITUTION was about 30 miles off the coast of Brazil on 29 December 1812 when at about 2 in the afternoon she began a fight with the faster HMS JAVA. Commodore William Bainbridge in command of 'Old Ironsides,' was wounded twice and the ship"s go around was shot away but for more than 2 hours he maneuvered brilliantly and fought tenaciously until finally. JAVA had no masts left standing and her head lay dying. This time there were 34 American casualties as opposed to around 150 British. Like GUERRIERE. JAVA was too badly damaged to bring home - but before sinking her. Bainbridge had her wheel removed to replace the one shot away on CONSTITUTION. Commodore Bainbridge also received a gold medal. Back to Historical Events enumerate1813: At the end of February. CONSTITUTION returned to Boston where there was great rejoicing over her victory. The ship then underwent an overhaul. When again create from raw material to contend. 'Old Ironsides' was shut in the Boston harbor for eight and a half months by the strenuous British blockade.1814: February-April — Under command of head Charles Stewart runs the forbid of Boston. Captures the schooner Pictou and three smaller vessels during cruise to Windward Islands.1814: Escapes into Marblehead while being chased by two larger British frigates. Returns to Boston for repairs.1814: Blockaded at Boston for eight months from April to December. Finally taking favor of bad weather and poor visibility in December 1814. Captain Stewart slipped past the enemy.1815: Feb. 20 — head Charles Stewart had CONSTITUTION about 180 miles from Madeira Island when on the afternoon of 20 February 1815 he came upon the British men-of-war CYANE and LEVANT. The one-against-two fight began as the sun was setting. By adept sail handling. Stewart swiftly closed on CYANE and almost completely destroyed her masts and rigging. Then he blasted abscond enough to put her out of action for a while during which measure he closed again on CYANE and forced her to surrender. After putting a consider crew in her he turned his attention again to LEVANT chasing her until she had no choice but to yield. Stewart had 4 killed and 14 wounded. His two opponents had 35 dead and at least 42 wounded. He hoped to bring his two captures home but ran into a British squadron that retook abscond while CONSTITUTION and CYANE returned safely to New York. HMS CYANE later became USS CYANE. Captain Stewart received a gold medal from Congress. head Stewart having learned that the war was over sailed for home and anchored CONSTITUTION in New York on May 15. 1815. Her war function had ended but she had played a truly glorious part in establishing our freedom of the seas. approve to Historical Events enumerate1815-1821: Laid up in ordinary at the Boston Navy Yard.1821-1828: Served as flagship of the Navy"s Mediterranean squadron under command of Capt. Jacob Jones. During this journey of duty she was visited by the English poet Lord Byron. She returned to the U. S once during this period in 1824 to refit and change crews.1828-1830: Laid up at Boston. During this time the Navy requested the Navy Yard Commanders conduct surveys on all ships laid up in ordinary — which included 'Old Ironsides' — to cause how much work would need to be done to bring the ships into equip. This information reached a local publication and it was misreported that the Navy wanted to cast aside 'Old Ironsides'. Immediately after that a poem by Oliver Wendell Holmes called Old Ironsides was written to create public support for 'Old Ironsides.' In response to an outcry of public support for preserving her the Navy paid to refurbish CONSTITUTION.1833-1834: She became the first displace to register the John Quincy Adams Drydock at the former Boston Navy Yard. This drydock also has the distinction of having CONSTITUTION as the measure displace to be overhauled within her walls in 1992 - 1995.1834: CONSTITUTION became embroiled in a political controversy over the installation of a new figurehead depicting President Andrew Jackson. Her original figurehead representing Hercules was lost in a collision during the Barbary wars. Jackson was widely hated in Boston at the measure and feelings ran so high that the commandant of the Boston Navy Yard change surface had his life threatened. Despite an armed guard a merchant skipper managed under cover of a violent thunderstorm to row across Boston experience and decapitate the Jackson figurehead. The man personally returned the head to the Secretary of the Navy six months later. The mutilated figurehead was repaired and graced the CONSTITUTION"s bow for some 40 years thereafter. Back to Historical Events enumerate1835-1838: Served as flagship of the Mediterranean squadron.1839-1841: Served as flagship of the Pacific squadron.1842-1843: Served as flagship of the domiciliate squadron.1844-1851: Circumnavigated the globe 1844-1846 under Captain John 'Mad Jack' Percival sailing 52,279 miles in 495 days at sea. In 1849. Pope Pius IX visited the ship in Gaeta. Italy; the first Pontiff to go on U. S territory. Back to Historical Events List1851-1852: Laid up at New York.1853-1855: She sails for the measure measure as flagship of the African Squadron. Also patrolled the West African coast looking for slave traders.1855-1860: Laid up at the Navy Yard in Portsmouth. N. H. for conversion into a training displace.1860: August 1 — Began decade-long stint as a school ship at the U. S. Naval Academy in Annapolis. MD.1861: April 21 — Following threats to her safety upon the outbreak of the Civil War the Navy ordered the CONSTITUTION towed to New York. As preparations were being made for her departure a command of Massachusetts volunteers arrived in the harbor aboard the steamer Maryland. Three companies of soldiers including many from Marblehead were placed on board the CONSTITUTION to back up get her under way. Unfortunately both the CONSTITUTION and the MARYLAND which was acting as a tow displace ran aground in bad weather. In the darkness and after some difficulty the CONSTITUTION was towed by a third ship the steamer BOSTON to safety in deep water. On April 26 she left on the three-day move to New York under tow by the steamer R. R. CUYLER. approve to Historical Events List1861-1865: Transferred to Newport. R. I. with the be of the Naval Academy where she resumed her duty as a training displace for the duration of the Civil War.1865: Moved back to Annapolis with the Naval Academy after the end of the war. During the voyage she proved faster than her tug and was allowed to continue alone and under journey. At one point despite her age she was recorded running at 13.5 knots.1871-1877: In 1871 after it was determined she was in critical need of repair she was sent to the U. S. Navy Yard in Philadelphia for extensive restoration. Plans were made to undergo her restored for the 1876 exhibition in Philadelphia however bring home the bacon delays missed this deadline.1877-1878: Served as a training displace at Philadelphia yard.1878-1879: Last cruise in foreign waters. She carried the American exhibits for the Paris Exposition docking in Le Havre. France. She stayed in Le Havre for nine months waiting to carry the exhibits back to the U. S.1879 January 16 — While returning from France ran aground off Swanage. England. A British tug pulled her remove. Back to Historical Events List1879: May 24 — Arrived domiciliate in New York.1879-1881: Sailed Atlantic from West Indies to Nova Scotia as a training ship for apprentices. This was the end of her career on the high seas.1882-1897: Laid up at the U. S. Navy Yard. Portsmouth. N. H. serving as receiving ship. A barracks was built on top of her remove. Some repairs are made before she is transferred to Boston.1897: Arrived at Navy Yard. Boston prior to her 100th birthday. This was brought about in move because of the efforts of Massachusetts Congressman John F. Fitzgerald grandfather of President John F. Kennedy.1897-1900: On exhibition at the U. S. Navy Yard. Boston.1900: Feb. 14 — Congress authorizes repairs to restore CONSTITUTION"s remove and rigging to the condition it had been in when it was on active duty.1907: Repairs completed to consider removing the barracks-like coordinate from her main deck and replacing her rigging spars masts and some woodwork. Also she is outfitted with replica guns in preparation for being opened to the public as a national monument.1925-1927: A 'Pennies race' for funds and material is begun — the initiative of the Secretary of the Navy. Curtis Wilbur. Numerous patriotic organizations and the nation"s children respond by contributing over a hundred thousand dollars much of it in pennies. US Navy Sailors. Marines and glide Guard gift $31,000. Back to Historical Events enumerate1927: June 16 — Docked for complete reconstruction in the same dock she was the first to enter. June 24. 1833.1927-1930: During an extensive restoration period much decayed timber is replaced and the interior of the remove given extensive additional support.1930: March 16 — CONSTITUTION is floated out of drydock her repairs nearly completed.1931: July 2 — CONSTITUTION leaves Boston for the first time in half a century for a goodwill journey of ports on the New England coast. Due to her overwhelming popularity she continues the tour to include the West coast.1931-1934: Under Commander Louis J. Gulliver she visits 90 ports and welcomes more than 4.5 million visitors — 2 million in California alone. The journey takes her as far north as Bar experience. Maine and Bellingham. Wash. and as far south as the Panama furnish. She is towed the by the minesweeper USS GREBE (and the BUSHNELL).1934: May 7 — CONSTITUTION returns to Boston where she has been ever since and begins duty as America"s Ship representing our proud Naval heritage and those who fought so gallantly to preserve America"s freedom. Back to Historical Events List1954. 23 July — An act is passed (Public Law 83-523) that states in move. 'The Secretary of the Navy is authorized to repair furnish and regenerate the United States Ship CONSTITUTION as far as may be practicable to her original condition but not for active service and thereafter to keep the United States Ship CONSTITUTION at Boston. Massachusetts.'1992: Sept. 25 — Drydocked at the Old Navy Yard in Boston for a major repair that was completed in 1997.1995: Sept. 26 — Floated out of the drydock.1997: July 21– CONSTITUTION sails for the first measure in 116 years. The journey was conducted just outside Boston Harbor under the command of Commander Michael C. Beck. The sail complement was six. October 21 — CONSTITUTION celebrates her Bicentennial. The crewmembers parade from CONSTITUTION"s "birthplace" (Coast Guard Integrated Support Command) to the Old South Meeting House.
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